T.H.P. Bloodworth, 1893), 406.
xxv “the sun was fiery hot”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 367.
xxv Secretary of War Floyd: Note of J. B. Floyd, secretary of war, to Colonel Drinkard, October 17, 1859, National Archives.
xxvii By midnight, Lee, Stuart, Lieutenant Green: Select Committee of the U.S. Senate, 36th Congress, 1st Session, Rep. Com. No. 278, June 15, 1860, 41.
xxvii With exquisite politeness: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 397, 398.
xxviii Calmly, Lee surveyed the ground: Ibid., 397.
xxix His mutilated corpse: David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights (New York: Knopf, 2005), 320.
xxx By mid-afternoon, men were falling: Ibid., 317–24; Villard, John Brown, 443.
xxx He sent an elderly civilian: Allan Keller, Thunder at Harper’s Ferry (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1958), 113.
xxx Brown took no umbrage: Villard, John Brown, 447.
xxxi “Oh, you will get over it”: Ibid., 448.
xxxiii “When Smith first came to the door”: Ibid., 451.
xxxiii “a ragged hole low down”: Ibid., 453.
xxxiii “With one son dead by his side”: Ibid.
xxxiv Colonel Washington cried out loudly: Keller, Thunder at Harper’s Ferry, 149.
xxxiv The rest “rushed in like tigers”: Villard, John Brown, 454.
xxxiv Lee “saw to it that the captured survivors”: Ibid.
xxxv “He is a man of clear head”: Ibid., 455.
xxxvii “No monument of quarried stone”: Susan Cheever, Louisa May Alcott: A Personal Biography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010), 129.
xxxvii “As it is a matter over which”: Robert E. Lee Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 21–22.
xxxvii In his majestic biography of Brown: Villard, John Brown, 555.
xxxviii In Philadelphia “a public prayer meeting”: Ibid., 559; Elizabeth Preston Allen, Life and Letters of Margaret Junkin Preston (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1903), 111–17.
xxxix “was draped in mourning”: Villard, John Brown, 559.
xl Southerners were dismayed: Ibid., 496.
xl “He has abolished slavery in Virginia”: Ibid., 562.
xl He was as little pleased: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 417.
xl He regarded secession: Ibid., 421.
xli “I hope,” he wrote: Ibid., 416.
xli “He had been taught to believe”: Ibid., 418.
xlii “Washington,” Everett wrote: Quoted ibid., 420.
xlii “Secession,” Lee wrote: Ibid., 421.
CHAPTER 1 “Not Heedless of the Future”
5 By the time of the American Revolution: Richard B. McCaslin, Lee in the Shadow of Washington (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001), 13.
7 The years between 1773 and 1776: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 1, 2.
8 A year later: Ibid.
8 Washington, recognizing Lee’s special skills: Ibid., 3.
9 “much to the horror”: Ibid., 66.
9 “sensitive, resentful”: Ibid., 4.
10 When Matilda died in 1790: McCaslin, Lee in the Shadow of Washington, 17.
11 “Why didn’t you come home?”: Paul Nagel, The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 166.
11 In a half-baked scheme: Emory Thomas, Robert E. Lee (New York: Norton, 1995), 26.
11 On a visit to Shirley: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 8.
13 In these modest circumstances: Nagel, The Lees of Virginia, 175, 195–96.
15 Henry Lee helped to barricade: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 14.
15 “Death seemed so certain”: Ibid., 15.
15 This proposal was not taken up: Ibid.
16 “Broken in body and spirit”: Nagel, The Lees of Virginia, 182.
16 He didn’t even manage: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 31.
16 “My dear Sir”: Ibid.
16 When it was brought to: McCaslin, Lee in the Shadow of Washington, 18.
17 That had been tried before: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 37.
18 The contrast between her childhood: Thomas L. Connelly, The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society (New York: Knopf, 1977), 169.
19 For somebody whose health was as frail: Thomas, Robert E. Lee, 45.
20 She entrusted him with the keys: Ibid., 39.
20 He accompanied her on drives: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 34.
20 “Self-denial, self-control”: Ibid., 23.
21 When he first went away: Ibid., 30–31.
21 His maternal grandfather: Ibid., 24.
21 Perhaps because Ann Carter Lee: Ibid., 25.
21 As a child he was surrounded: Ibid., 25, 28.
24 At that time there was not as yet: Ibid., 38.
25 Fitzhugh’s letter referred: Ibid., 39.
CHAPTER 2 The Education of a Soldier
30 The academy still consisted of only: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 1, 49.
30 The stone wharf: Bernhard, Duke of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach, Travels Through North America During the Years 1825 and 1826 (Philadelphia: Carey, Lea and Carey, 1828), 110.
30 An English visitor with an eye for detail: William N. Blane, An Excursion Through the United States and Canada, 1822–1833 by an English Gentleman (London: Baldwin, Craddock and Joy, 1824), 352–76.
30 Tent mates were obliged to purchase: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 51.
30 Meals were ample: Theodore J. Crackel, West Point: A Centennial History (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002), 89.
31 The new cadets were given: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 52.
31 The marquis was greeted: Albany (New York) Argus, July 8, 1825.
33 Another roll call and inspection: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 56–57.
33 The list of things forbidden: Ibid., 52.
33 Unlike third-year cadet Jefferson Davis: Ibid., 55.
33 By the end of his first year: Ibid., 62.
34 One of them later said: Michael Fellman, The Making of Robert E. Lee (New York: Random House, 2000), 11.
37 He had no reason to be apprehensive: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 67.
38 Everywhere they went: Paul Nagel, The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 232.
38 This is not to say: Ibid., 235.
39 This problem he solved: Ibid., 206.
40 To his credit,
